Given current concentrations and ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases, it is likely that until the emd of this century global mean temperature will continue to rive above pre-industrial level. The world’s oceans will warm and ice melt will continue. Average sea level rise is predicted to be 24 – 35 cm by 2065 and 40 – 63 cm by 2100 relative to reference period 1986 – 2005. Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries, even if emissions are stopped.